Program name	What it does
1st2chr	prints the first 2 characters of the input
1stchr	prints the first character of the input
2dig	gets a 2 digit number from the user
DTK	Deception ToolKit
DTK.pl	Deception ToolKit X11 Menu interface
Eterm	X11 video terminal emulator
Etsearch	X11 text search
IPaddr	Get an IP address from the user
WGfixup	Repair an installed WhiteGlove File System
WGin	Install the CD to a hard disk
WGkillprocs	Kill undesirable processes periodically
WGout	Remove the installed operating system - leave the data
WGsec	Secure the operating environment
WGup	Update the hard disk installation
YORN	Get a Y or N from the user
a2p	Awk to Perl translator
addftinfo	add information to troff font files for use with groff
afmtodit	create font files for use with groff -Tps
agetty	terminal interface for multiple consoles
animate	display a sequence of images
ar	create, modify, and extract from archives
arch	display the processor type for this computer
arp	Address Resolution Protocol
arping	Ping using ARP packets
arpspoof	Spoof ARP addresses
as	Assembler
as86	x86 Assembler
atoi	Alphanumeric to integer converter (atoi a -> 97)
atoo	Alphanumeric to octal converter (atoo a -> d=97 o=141 h=61)
badblocks	Search a device for bad blocks
basename	Find the base name for a pathname
bash	The bash command interpreter
bc	An arbitrary precision calculator language
bdftops	Convert to postscript
bison	A compiler compiler
blackbox	The X11 interface used by the bootable CDs
blockdev	Call block device ioctls from the command line
bzip2	File compression utility
bzip2recover	File compression recovery utility
cal	Show a calendar
cardctl	PCMCIA card status display
cardmgr	PCMCIA card manager for detecting POC cards
cat	Concatenate files to the standard output
cdda2wav	Convert cdda format to wave format
cdrecord	Burn a CD-ROM
cfdisk	Curses based disk partition table manipulator
charset	Set an ACM for use in one of the G0/G1 charset slots
chattr	Change file attributes
chgrp	Change group ownership
chkdupexe	Check for duplicate executables
chklastlog	Check lastlog for anomolies
chkproc	Check processes for propriety
chkrootkit	Check for known rootkits
chkwtmp	Check wtmp file for attack patterns
chmod	Change permissions on files
chown	Change ownership of files
chroot	Change root directory
chsh	Change default shell for user
chvt	Change foreground virtual terminal
cksum	Checksum and count the bytes in a file
clear	Clear the screen
clisp	Common Lisp implementation
clock.pl	Display international times in X11
cmp	Compare two files
code	Capture the namespace context for a code fragment
col	Filter reverse line feeds from input
colcrt	Filter nroff output for CRT previewing
colrm	Remove columns from a file
column	Columnate lists
comm	Compare two sorted files line by line
compress	Compress files
consolechars	Load EGA/VGA console screen font, map, application map
convert	Convert between image formats
count	Count from one integer to another by increments
cp	Copy files
cpan	Comprehansive Perl Archive Network
cpp	The C PreProcessor
crlf	Change files to CRLF output from whatever they used to be
crypto	OpenSSL cryptographic library
csplit	Split files into sections determined by context lines
ctrlaltdel	set Ctrl-Alt-Del function
cucipop	Mail pop3 handler
cut	Remove sections from each line of files
cytune	Tune Cyclades driver parameters
d#	Multiply integers
d+	Add integers
da	Date and time
dad	Date addition
dadd	Add integers
date	Date and time
dayadd	Date addition
db	Database create, get, put, hash
dcmp	Date comparrison
dd	Disk dump
dayadd	Date addition
ddate	Converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates
deallocvt	Deallocate unused virtual terminals
debugfs	Ext2 file system debugger
debugreiserfs	Reiser file system debugger
df	Disk free space listing
dhcpcd	DHCP client daemon
dhcpd	DHCP server daemon
dia	A diagram drawing program
diff	Find differences between two files
diff3	Find differences between three files
dig	Detailed DNS queries
digits	Input a series of N digits (i.e., digits 3)
dir	A pseudonym for 'ls' - list files
dircolors	Colorized directory listing setup
dirname	Strip non-directory suffix from file name
diskwipe	Wipe the contents of a disk out
display	Display an image under X11
dmesg	Print or control the kernel ring buffer
dnsspoof	Spoof DNS packets
dnum	Device number?
dollars	Input a dollars and cents amount
dprofpp	Display perl profile data
dsniff	Sniff network packets from Ethernets
dsub	Substract integers
dtoo	Decimal to octal conversion
du	Disk usage statistics
dump_cis	Display PCMCIA Card Information Structures
dumpe2fs	Dump filesystem information
dumpkeys	Dump keyboard translation tables
dvipdf	Convert DVI files to PDF format
e2fsck	Check an EXT2 filesystem
e2label	Change the label on an ext2 filesystem
echo	Echo things to the display
ed	Line oriented editor
ee	Electric Eyes visualizes image files
egrep	Print lines matching a pattern
eject	Eject the CD-ROM
elvtune	I/O elevator tuner
env	Show the shell environment variables
eps2eps	Convert eps printer files to Postscript
esd	Audio device status information
esd-config	Configure audio devices
esdcat	Get data from audio devices
esdctl	Control audio devices
esddsp	Audio devices DSP processor
esdfilt	Audio devices filter
esdloop	Audio devices loopback
esdmon	Audio devices monitor
esdplay	Audio devices play
esdrec	Audio devices record
esdsample	Audio devices sampling rate
ethereal	Watch ethernet packets graphically from X11
ettercap	Capture ethernet packets
exists	Check for file/directory existence
expand	Convert tabs to spaces
expr	Evaluate numerical expressions
ext2online	EXT2 file system place online
ext2prepare	EXT2 file system preparer
ext2resize	EXT2 file system resizer
extract_compressed_fs	Extract a compressed file system
fadd	Add floating point
faillog	Failure log
false	Retuen a '0' value
fbset	Show and modify frame buffer device settings
fdformat	Format a floppy disk
fdisk	Partition table editor for hard disks
fgconsole	Print the number of the active VT
fgrep	Print lines matching a pattern
file	Determine file type
find	Search a directory hierarchy
find_ethernet	Fine ethernets
find_hdd	Find hard disk drieves
find_scsi	Find SCSI devices
find_usb	Find USB devices
finddns	Find DNS servers for a hostname
findimages	Find graphical; image files
finger.pl	Run the finger program on other systems
fix_bs_and_del	Fix backspace and delete characters
fixmswrd.pl	Fix MS Word files
fixresolv	Build a new /etc/resolv.conf file (fixresolv > /etc/resolv.conf)
fixtime	Fix the time and date using network time protocol
flex	Fast lexical analyzer generator
floursheim	Search the Internet for content
fmt	Simple optimal text formatter
fname	Input a filename
fold	Wrap each input line to fit in specified width
free	Memory usage statistics
fsck	File system checker
fsck.ext2	Check EXT2 file system
fsck.ext3	Check ext3 file system
fsck.minix	Check minix file system
ftl_check	Flash Translation Layer format checker (PC-Flash memory)
ftl_format	Flash Translation Layer formatting utility (PC-Flash memory)
ftp	File Transfer Protocol program
funzip	Filter for extracting from a ZIP archive in a pipe
fuser	Identify processes using files or sockets
g++	GNU project C++ Compiler
gawk	GNU Awk pattern scanning and processing language
gcc	Fnu C Compiler
getent	Get entries from administrative database
getopt	Get options from command lines
getstyle	X11 Style information
gettext	Get text from the user
gettextize	Get the size of an EXT file system
gpasswd	Administer the /etc/group file
gpm	Allow text displays to use mice
gprof	Display call graph profile data
grep	Print lines matching a pattern
grn	Groff preprocessor for gremlin files
groff	Front end for the groff document formatting system
grolbp	Groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers).
groups	Print the groups a user is in
grpck	Verify integrity of group files
grpconv	Convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
grpunconv	Convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
gs	Ghostscript (postscript interpreter and previewer)
gslj	Ghostscript to Laserjet converter
gslp	Ghostscript to line printer converter
gzexe	Compress executable files in place
gzip	GNU zip and unzip utility
hdparm	Hard disk parameter fetch and set
head	Show the beginning of a file
help	Provide help (if available)
hexdump	Ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
host	DNS lookup utility
hostid	Numeric ID of this host
hostname	Name of this host
hpftodit	Create font description files for groff -Tlj4
httrack	Retrieve web sites (Also used by floursheim)
hunt	Packet analysis and session interception
hwclock	Query and set the hardware clock
icmpenum	Enumerate hosts via ICMP probes
iconv	Convert between file codings
id	User, group, ID program
ide_info	Information on the IDE interface
identd	The identification daemon
identify	Describe format and characteristics of image file(s)
ifconfig	Configure IP interface cards
ifdown	Shut down IP network interface
ifport	Select transceiver type for network interface
ifpromisc	Promiscuous mode for ethernet cards
ifup	Start up IP network interface
ifuser	identify destinations routed to a particular network interface
igawk	Gawk with include files
imapd	Internet Message Access Protocol server
import	Capture X screen and save to a file
inetd	Internet daemon master server
info	Read Info documents
infocmp	Compare or print out terminfo descriptions
insmod	Insert loadable kernel module
integer	Input an integer from the user
integers	Input multiple integers from, the user
ipcalc	IP calculator
ipchains	IP firewall mechanism
ipcrm	Interprocess resource remover
ipcs	Information on interprocess communication facilities
ipppd	(ISDN) Point to Point Protocol daemon
iptables	IP firewall mechanism
isapnp	Configure ISA Plug-and-Play devices
isodump	Dump an ISO9660 file system
isoinfo	Information on an ISO9660 file system
isosize	Size of an ISO9660 file system
isovfy	Verify an ISO9660 file system
itoa	Convert integer value to ASCII character
join	Join lines of two files on a common field
kbd_mode	Report or set the keyboard mode
kernelversion	Report the kernel version
kill	Kill processes
killall	Kill all processes meeting a given specification
killramdisk	Kill the RAM disk
kudzu	Configuration change manager
l	list files (abbreviation for ls)
last	List all login dates and times
lastcomm	List last commands typed by users
lastlog	List last time each user logged in
ld	Loader
less	Show files page-by-page and allow search
lftp	Better File Transfer Protocol handler than FTP
libsetup	Setup libraries from select applications
lineup	Line up lines in a file into columns
ll	Long version of ls
ln	Link files into an executable
loadkeys	Load keyboard translation tables
locale	Local configuration information
locate	Locate a file or program in the system
logger	Make entries in the system log
login	The program that lets you log into the system
logname	Name of user logged in
logoutd	Automatic logout daemon
look	Display lines beginning with a given string
losetup	Setup loopback file systems
lprsetup.sh	Setup the line printer
ls	List files
lsattr	List file attributes
lsdev	List devices
lsof	List open files associated with processes
lspci	List PCI cards and types
ltrace	A library call tracer
lynx	A text-based Web interface
m4	Macro preprocessor
mailstats	Display mail statistics
make	Utility to maintain groups of programs
makeinfo	Translate Texinfo documents
makemap	Make a swap file system
makewhatis	Make the whatis database
man	Manual entries for most of the programs listed here
math	Do aritmetic functions
mawk	Pattern scanning and text processing language
mcookie	Generate magic cookies for xauth
md5sum	MD5 cryptographic checksum generator
me	Micro Emacs editor
menu	Menu system turns a directory tree into a menu system
mkdir	Make directories
mke2fs	Make EXT2 file systems
mkfifo	Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkfs	Make file system
mkfs.bfs	Make BFS file system
mkfs.ext2	Make EXT2 file system
mkfs.minix	Make Minix file system
mkisofs	Make ISO9660 file system
mklost+found	Make lost&Found directory
mkmanifest	Create a shell script (packing list) to restore Unix filenames
mknod	Make a device file
mkpv	Creates PV device
mkraid	Make a RAID file system
mkreiserfs	Make a Reiser fils system
mkswap	Make a swap file system
mmroff	MROFF reference preprocessor
modinfo	Display information about a kernel module
mogrify	Transform an image or sequence of images
montage	Create a composite image by combining separate images
more	Show a file a page at a time (like less)
mount	Mount a file system
mouseconfig	Configure the mouse (almost never needed)
mozilla	Netscape-like web browser
mpg123	Play audio MPEG 1.0/2.0 file (layers 1, 2 and 3)
mtools	Utilities to access DOS disks in Unix
mtr	Network diagnostic tool (ping and traceroute)
mv	Move files
myip	Show my primary IP address
mywhois	Special version of 'whois'
namei	Follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
nasl	Network intrusion detection tool
nasm	Netwide Assembler - portable 80x86 assembler
nc	NetCat - Cat for networks
ncftp	Browser program for the File Transfer Protocol
ndisasm	Netwide Disassembler - 80x86 binary file disassembler
nessus-setup	Setup the Nessus network security scanner
nessusd	Run the scanner from X11
net-install-mandrake-8.1	Network installers for other OSs
net-install-redhat-6.2	Network installers for other OSs
net-install-redhat-7.1	Network installers for other OSs
netadd	Get a full hostname from the user
netconfig	Menu based network configuration program
netdump	Dump network packets
netman	Network-based manual program
netstat	Network usage statistics
newgrp	Change groups
nextname	Make temporary file name (e.g.,nextname testXXXX)
nice	Run a process ot different priority
nl	Number lines of files
nm	List symbols from object files.
nmap	Network mapping utility
nmapfe	X11 front end to nmap
nmbd	NetBIOS name server
nmblookup	NetBIOS name server lookup
nocr	Remove CR from files (changes CRLF to LF only)
noctrl	Remove control characters from files
nohup	Run a process ignoring Hangup (HUP) signals
nolf	Remove linefeeds from files
nonull	Remove null (0) characters from files
noparity	Remove parity bits from filess
noquote	Input a line without shell quote characters
noreps.pl	Remove repetitive lines from a file
npulse	Network pulse taking program
nrepsum	Eliminate duplicate lines and count how many of each
nslookup	Lookup a hostname on a name server
ntop	Daemon for port 3000 to get network traffic information
ntop-config	Confogure ntop
ntpd	Network time protocol daemon
ntpdate	Update time by asking remote NTP servers
number	Input a real number from the user
o#	Octal multiplication
o+	Octal addition
objcopy	Copy and translate object files
objdump	Display information from object files
od	Octal to decminal conversion
oddparity	Set the first bit on all bytes
ok	Ask for an 'ok' confirmation
oldps	Report process status
oneofeach	Get a list of different things
onum	Get an octal number from the user
oo	Open Office
openssl	Secure Socket Layer handler
openvt	Start a program on a new virtual terminal
otod	Convert octal to decimal
pack_cis	Compile PCMCIA Card Information Structures
pan	X11 mail fetch and send program
parted	Partition manipulation program
passwd	Change passwords
paste	Merge lines of files
pathchk	Check whether file names are valid or portable
patmat	Pattern matching virus detection
pcinitrd	Create a PCMCIA initrd ram disk image
pd	Partition table decoder
perl	The perl language
perlcc	Frontend for perl compiler
perldoc	Perl documentation
pic	Compile pictures for troff or TeX
pico	GUI text editor
pidof	Find the process ID of a running program
pilot	File system browser in the style of the Pine Composer
pine	Email program
ping	Send ICMP packets to computers
pinky	Lightweight finger program
pivot_root	Change the root of the file system
pkill	Process killer and signaller
pl2pm	Rough tool translates Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules
plipconfig	Fine tune PLIP device parameters
pnpdump	Dump ISA Plug-And-Play devices resource information
pod2html	Convert POD files to html
pod2latex	Convert POD files to latex
pod2man	Convert POD files to man files
pod2text	Convert POD files to text files
pod2usage	Convert POD files to usage files
podchecker	Check POD files
pppd	Point to point protocol daemon
pppdump	Convert PPP record file to readable format
pr	Convert files for the line printer
praliases	Display system mail aliases
printenv	Print all or part of environment
printf	Format and print data
probe	Probes for PCI and other bridge hardware
procinfo	Display system status gathered from /proc
procmgr.pl	X11-based process manager
ps	Process status lister
ps2ascii	Convert postscript to ascii
ps2epsi	Convert postscript to EPS printer format
ps2pdf	Convert postscript to PDF format
psfaddtable	Add a Unicode character table to a console font
psfgettable	Get the Unicode character table from a console font
psfstriptable	Remove embedded Unicode character table from a console font
pstree	Show the process table as a tree structure
pstruct	Dump C structures as generated from cc -g -S stabs
ptadmin.pl	X11-based system administration interface
ptx	Produce a permuted index of file contents
pump	DHCP interface startup
pv.sh	Preview a DVI page in postscript
pwck	Verify integrity of password files
pwconv	convert to and from shadow password files
pwd	Print working directory
pwunconv	Convert to and from shadow password files
qotd.pl	X11 GUI name server lookup program
raidstart	Start a RAID array
refer	Preprocess bibliographic references for groff
reiserfsck	Check a reiser file system
relf	Relinefeed a file
relf2	Relinefeed a file another way
relflab	Relinefeed a file for label printing
reline	Reline a file to 80 columns wide
rename	Rename files
renice	Change the 'nice' level of a running process
resize2fs	EXT2 file system resizer
resize_reiserfs	Reiser file system resizer
resizecons	Change kernel idea of the console size
rev	Reverse lines of a file
rm	Remove a file
rmail	Readmail
rmdir	Remove a directory
rmt	Remote magtape protocol module
ro	Make mounted file systems read-only (default)
route	Update and show packet routing tables
rpcgen	RPC protocol compiler
rpcinfo	Report RPC information
rpm	Red Hat Package Manager
rsync	Faster, flexible replacement for rcp
rw	Make mounted file systems read-write
s2p	Sed to Perl translator
samba	Start SMB services
sash	Stand-alone shell with built-in commands
say	Encrypted chat session talk side of connection
scp	SSH copy program
script	Record terminal input and output to a file
scsi_info	Information on SCSI devices
sdiff	Find and merge differences between files interactively
sdns	Secure DNS server
sed	Stream editor
see	Encrypted chat session listen side of connection
sendmail	Email send and receivbe client (use for send only)
sens	Sensitivity adjustment
seq	Like count
service	Start and stop system services
setfdprm	Set user-provided floppy disk parameters
seticons	Sets the icon images used in Window Maker
setkeycodes	Load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping
setleds	Set the keyboard leds
setmetamode	Define the keyboard meta key handling
setpci	Configure PCI devices
setsid	Run a program in a new session
setterm	Set terminal attributes
setxkbmap	Set the keyboard using the X keyboard extensions
sfdisk	Partition table manipulator
sftp	Secure (SSH) FTP
sftp-server	Secure (SSH) FTP server
shasum	SHA cryptographic hash checksummer
showcfont	Displays all characters in the current screen font
showkey	Examine the scan codes and keycodes sent by the keyboard
sing	Send packets of various sorts
size	Find the memory size of a program if run
skill	Report process status
slattach	Attach a network interface to a serial line
sleep	Sleep for some number of seconds
sln	Static ln command
smbclient	Windows file sharing client
smbd	Windows file sharing daemon
smbmount	Mount remote Windows file systems
smbpasswd	Set remote Windows file sharing password
smbspool	Rig remote Windows printing
smbstatus	Status of Windows file sharing
smbtar	Back up Windows file shares to tape files
smrsh	Restricted shell for sendmail
snice	Report process status
sniffit	Network traffic sniffer
snort	Network sniffer and intrusion deteciton front end
socklist	List open sockets
soelim	Interpret .so requests in groff input
sort	Sort files
splain	Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
split	Split a file into parts
sprof	Read and display shared object profiling data
ssh	Secure Shell encrypted communication client
sshd	Secure Shell encrypted communication daemon
ssl	Secure Socket Layer handler
startx	Start X11 running
strace	Trace system calls and signals
strings	Extract strings from a file
strip	Remove unnecessary text from executables
stty	Set tty characteristics
stuff	Help file from the PLAC disk
stunnel	Universal SSL tunnel
su	Switch users
sulogin	Single user login
sum	Add up a column of numbers
swapon	Turn on swapping
swat	Remote management of SMB servers
sync	Write all not-yet-written content to disks
syslogd	System log daemon
sysviuw.pl	View system status information (in X11)
sysvlp.sh	Postscript printer interface
tac	Concatenate and print files in reverse
tack	Terminfo action checker
tail	Show the end of a file
tar	Tape Archiver
tbl	Format tables for troff
tcpdump	Show network packets to the user
tcpkill	Kill an existing TCP connection
tcpspy	Watch TCP connections
tcsh	Another command interpreter
tct-1.06	The coroner's toolkit
tee	Split output to a file and to standard output
telnet	Remote access to computers (insecure)
testparm	Check an smb.conf configuration file
texi2dvi	Convert text to DVi format
tftp	Trivial file transfer protocol
tic	The terminfo entry-description compiler
time.pl	Show time in parts of the world
timezone	Set the time zone
tload	Show load average
toe	Table of (terminfo) entries
tolower	Convert to lower case
top	Show processes sorted by CPU usage over time
touch	Set the file access date on a file
toupper	Convert to upper case
tr	Translate or delete characters
traceroute	Trace a route over the network
track	Interface to httrack
true	Always return true
tset	Set terminal up
tsort	Perform topological sort
tty	What terminal am I running this command from?
tune2fs	Adjust tunable EXT2 filesystem parameters
tunelp	Set various parameters for the lp device
tzselect	Set the time zone
ul	Do underlining
umount	Unmount mounted filesystems
uname	Name of operating system (try uname -a)
unexpand	Convert spaces to tabs
uniq	Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
unscape	Convert netscape converted input strings to real strings
unzip	Unzip a zipped file
uptime	How long has this computer been up?
urlsnarf	Get a file from a web URL
useradd	Add a user account
userdel	Delete a user account
usermod	Modify a user account
users	List logged in users
usleep	Sleep some number of microseconds
utodos	Convert unix to DOS file content
uudecode	Unix to Unix trnasport decode
uuencode	Unix to Unix trnasport encode
uuidgen	Command-line utility to create a new UUID value
uz	unzip
vdir	like ls -l
vim	Visual editor
vimtutor	Visual editor tutor
vipw	Edit the password or group files
vmstat	Virtual memory statistics
vncconnect	Connect a VNC server to a VNC viewer
vncpasswd	Set password for VNC server
vncserver	Start a VNC server application
vncviewer	VNC client application
w	Who is on the system
wall	Write to all users and terminals
watch	Watch a set of command outputs
wc	Word count
we	Write Enable mounted disks
webget	Get a URL from the web
webser	Start a web server
wget	Get a URL from the web
whatis	Search the whatis database for complete words
whereis	Locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
which	If I type a command which program will it run?
whichall	All the programs of that name in my path
whisker	Scans CGI-bin scripts for vulnerabilities
who	Who is logged in
whoami	Who am I (what it my user ID, etc.)?
whois	Lookup information in the Internet Whois database
wipe	Shutdown LAM
wipedisk	Wipe the contents of a disk out
wish	Simple menu interface for X11
wl	Write Lock mounted disks
word	Get a word from the user
words	Get multiple words from the user
write	Write a message to another user
x	Run X11 (if startx fails)
xhost	Allow a remote host to control your X11 session (don't do it)
xkill	Kill X11 windows
xprobe	Find X11 systems and seek vulnerabilities
xrdb	X server resource database utility
xscreensaver	X11 screen saver
xterm	Run a user terminal from X11
xtrace	Trace a program execution
xvidtune	Tune the video display
yacc	Yet another compiler compiler
yes	Send 'y' as output forever
yorn	Get a 'y' or 'n' from the user
zcat	Typoe a compressed file
zcmp	Compare compressed files
zdiff	Do 'diff' on compressed files
zdump	Dump contents of a compressed file
zgrep	Do 'grep' on a compressed file
zic	Time zone compiler
zip	Compress a file